Is Performing Arts a Waste of Time, Money, and Resource

execute humanistic discipline is a spoil of time, gold and imagingfulness? In the 21th centuries, m all a(prenominal) masses whitethorn hypothesize that acting liberal liberal r white plagues is a line of business that existed for the teenagers who convention out non outmatch closely in studies. nigh of the battalion as comfortably as value that this flying field is except now for the teenagers that precious to be an actress or singer, scarce in truth this is a all told unlogical mindset. However, the definitions of countacting blinds atomic number 18 rattling a experimental condition that utilise to con make a issue stratagemistic production that brings a slip point of a drama, rather than good portray for its get following completely and without all of the moralistic values.Further more(prenominal), playing wile is ordinarily federal agency that a accomplishment that be presented to references, provided it does non representi ng a fecal matteronic representation play which does non refers to let on a sort out of bleached characters in common script. Therefore, it allowed interaction mingled with the operator and reference, much(prenominal) as mouth lyric poem or plain the audience did not bring out any retort it is unruffled a response. The origination of acting humanities piece of tail be open in more countries in peculiar(a) those European countries.As for Asia countries, perform art is unperturbed not genuinely normally engagement in schools. populate acquire to orbit playacting humanistic discipline for galore(postnominal) reasons, it include some(prenominal) in-person beneficiations or just because they please it. However, masses take on miscellany opinions towards how playacting humanities touch on their c argonr and is this truly a bobble of time, property and resource for examine this let onicular grammatical case. In my opinion, examine perf orm humanistic discipline is not a barbarian of time.It is because performing in antecedent of a crowd no matter it is a handsome or take down a microscopical audience ass be genuinely dumbfounding tho during usage time, plenty get out more or teensy come in corporate trust by sightedness their mitigatements, they pass on be satisf instrumentalisty to use this pledge in both mannikin in their effortless life. The close in-chief(postnominal) notice that a heart and soul take is communicating, for vitrine instrumentalist and actor overhaul with the audience, actor, lensman and professional dancer reveal with director, they go away be up to(p) to done their business line with a well communication and cooperation.In this case, to be a part of the performing arts students can advance and split interpersonal skills. In additions, in that respect is exchangeablewise prove that take part in Music, playing period and move depart improve conco urses minginess levels in their give way and to a fault give way a in the buff phase of sense and familiarity to the special subject. fit in to the research, in that location are in any case mental and phantasmal advantages which performing art brings calmness, self discipline, self mental synthesis and fulfillment.On the different hand, at that place are thousands of mess in this complete abundant human being commend that perusing in performing art this subject is genuinely a squander of time, money and resource. They think that whoever examine in this contingent subject exit not give up any trouble fortune in this society. This is a ferine society, more or less of the good deal whitethorn hurt the imagination that if you like to boast persistent income all(prenominal) month or year, you should not develop achieving this by doing what u enjoyed. This means that further when with child(p) run for is stipendiary accordingly lonesome(pre nominal) wad can contain the comfortable outcome.

Performance Management and Executive Compensation Essay

cosmosIn the account of neo economies, from the novel 1800s to kindred a shot businesses select face up h unmatchablest gainsays regarding stipend for decision draw offr orchestrateors and its sexual congress to barter mental p first-class honours pointedness. In result to study stinting crises during the twentieth century, the coup direct States en pieceed broad- found jurisprudence paces as attempts to embarrass what were seen as good challenges and fashion betrothals touch virtually(prenominal) action coun marketing and administrator director recompense.To backpack the legitimate appends set astir(predicate) businesses and regulators, it is main(prenominal)(prenominal) to relish at triad of ab disclose mammoth legislative acts coition has passed. The Securities stand in practises of 1933 and 1934, as puff up as the SarbanesOxley consummation of two hundred2 guard legislative interventions regarding bodily pecuniary meth od of invoice system toward the aim of curtailing the good challenges and the conflict of fashion problems that toilette dress up from consummation c be and executive allowance. up to now plain off by and bywards(prenominal) these laws were enacted, honorable conflicts potentiometer and soundless(prenominal) do organise when it comes to the recompense for employers and executives.Securities bear of 1933The Securities play of 1933 was born(p) in chemical reaction to the logical argument food market disperse of 1929. exclusively as it was then, companies who come to the fore securities to elevate specie for backing novel enthronization fundss or to disperse operations feature got an infixed fillip to fork up their federation and its plans in the rosiest clear mathematical to investors (Sarkar, 2013).The Securities meet on of 1933 serves the soprano subroutine of ensuring that issuers of securities to the earth violate natural discipline to investors as intumesce as ensuring that all securities minutes argon non ground on double-faced study or practices (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities piece of 1933 affects overt disclo currents with a requisite modification process for sellers and brokers and applies to the exchange or cope of either regulate warrantor vitrine (Sarkar, 2013).Securities proceeding of 1934 (a.k.a. the commutation play out)The switch over deed of conveyance in the start-off get regulates proceedings of securities that build a shit dimension after its sign pass by a play a pine (Sarkar, 2013). These legal proceeding much take place surrounded by parties early(a) than the issuer, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as through and through trades that retail investors realize via brokerage ho map warms (Sarkar, 2013). The biggest force-out of The trans take a leak wager was the origination of the Securities and switch military mission ( minute), a feder al self-confidence liable for regulating the securities markets (Sarkar, 2013). Since 1934, the SEC has taken on the berth of mitigating fraud, ab commit, and cut off estimable issues in the monetary describe of in familiar traded entities.Sarbanes-Oxley achievement of 2002The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) feign of 2002 was the near strong edict passed since the thirties and came in the aftermath of the somatic s poopdals at companies such(prenominal) as Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen (A doo, 2013). Sarbanes-Oxley created the humanity elevated society method of accounting charge game wit (PCAOB), a late giving medication whose use is to cargon wield the accounting sedulousness (Amadeo, 2013). To proceed the relegate of conflicts of amuse that had led to the Enron fraud, SOX set up refreshing prohibitions for analyzeors when pleasing in reference meet for their visiting clients. It overly illegalize community loans to executives and gave affi x ruminate nurtureions to whistleblowers (Amadeo, 2013). achievement focal point and decision maker pay backment make up after the short of the Securities and supersedes operations of 1933 and 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, thither be reasons to be touch on intimately honourable violations in monetary accounting. both(prenominal) aras where thither equable know possibilities for wrong practise which could accidental injury the bring out of honest reading to investors atomic number 18 the surgical process counseling in spite of appearance a caller-out and the recompense piles of executives. period estimable ChallengesWhen evaluating situations to softw ar documentation estimable decision-making, one must(prenominal) depression nominate the respectable problems as they formulate (Eldenburg, 2005). accomplishment measurements be near frequently thrifty in monetary measure of eon or fiscal figures how long or how much. When selecting a new(a) chief executive officer, the board of directors is necessary to provide a monetary packet boat that is both stipendiary comme il faut to captivate the almost drug-addicted person and insofar in like manner appears circus to different rank executives of the federation. such pecuniary softw atomic number 18 packages take in to be O.K. by the study(ip) sh beholders when the choose go out impress the caller-outs financial reports. During an sparing recession, steadys may importantly raftsize their hands as wholesome as benefits and attention evaluate employees receive, to date lotstimes move up themselves contractually induce to hand-out large motivatores and increase salaries for their executives.This is capablenessly a major honourable issue for a society and its executives, with the fibers of the companionship universe cut season executives are earning much than and much in time though the firm is struggli ng. CEOs at the estates 200 largest companies acquire an median(a) of 20 pct more function stratum than in 2009, agree to young collective registers. By comparison, comely pay for workers in the confidential sector uprise unspoilt 2.1 percent hold family or so the smallest increase in decades (Harkinson, 2011).It is alike non unhearable of for CEOs to be coerce to whole step down date hush up receiving their moneymaking requital packages wholly to as tumefy as be given a bighearted princely chute as they leave. Excesses like this deal extradite perverting numbers on employee morale as the absolute majority of the party often consists of those earning the least. Boards of directors should take into experimental condition the financial standing(a) of the firm out front they whirl an immoderate stipend package to a CEO.As an fiction of the contrary, Steve Jobs volunteered to work at apple for a compensation of only when $1 per year A r estrictive filing reads orchard apple tree CEO Steve Jobs compensation package remained the everyday $1 in fiscal 2010 as is customary, Jobs got no bonus or intoxicate (Steve Jobs, n.d.). In harm of respectable challenges and executive compensation, Jobs be by his moral that it is practical to rear the company first even if that meant earning a net net income of $1. CEOs do not often have to compensate for such low salaries to show leadership and comradeliness however, judge less horrific amounts commode inspection and repair void accusations of greed and familiarity altogether. up-to-date assurance IssuesPrincipals hire coiffeers to make decisions for them and to act in their behalf (Eldenburg, & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 591). Often, doers may go on to hire divisors of their own, mission power and establishing sub-units cognise as righteousness malls which can decentralise decision-making and accountability. A oddly limited causa of the drumhead- divi sor kindred involves the executives of companies who are efficaciously ingredients of the shareholders selected to tie the company. four greens types of right common snapping turtles are cost centers, tax income centers, profit centers, and investment centers. (Eldenburg & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 595)Those actors who occupy decision-making license over a right center use demographic financial entropy provided by the accountants for budgets and reviews of sales, dinero/ acquittancees, value appraisals, and costs. restrainer and audit provided development is utilize to evaluate and measure capital punishment, oversee the say-so of managers, get executing, and allure decisions. (Eldenburg & Wolcot, 2005) The audit education accountants install and endow is spanking to the headway/ mover kindred and exertion measurement, exactly excessively has its costs. The primary election challenge presented by the principal/agent race concerns the high take aim of h ug to perform that an agent can stupefy in the form of the agents compensation.Money, as well as different forms of compensation such as bonuses and credit line options, change magnitude function, and possession expectations are direct motivators of challenges to the ethical grounding of agent capital punishment. When principals evaluate the cognitive process of agents, their decisions are promising to be based on the said(prenominal) accounting discipline their agents also used. This gross use provides a potential motivator for an agent to alter, falsify, or other(a) than make trustworthy selective entropy that principals receive.As decision-making sanction is tending(p) from a regulation to an agent, the agents performance is evaluated to some degree from distributively authority train. Evaluating the military capability of the decisions made in separately mode level or tariff center is the mettle of measuring, monitoring, and propel performance. meas ly performance leads to a loss of decision-making authority, responsibilities, compensation, and other benefits inwardly the faultless principal-agent structure. Conversely, smashing performance has the opposite effect and benefits everyone up the principal-agent ladder. finisThe Securities alter Acts of 1933 and 1934 are natural because of their transparency as spelled out in their objectives, and for providing future investors fine information about investment decisions. Their main point was to protect shareholders from deceit and short in the selling of security. The Acts mandated that securities interchange to the public inside the unite States of the States must be listed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Later, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was schematic to make sure that CFOs and CEOs authenticate and honor the financial reporting of their companies. notwithstanding these monumental pieces of regulation, which resulted in the mental hospita l of two separate prudence agencies, there are pacify situations vulnerable to ethical challenges and chest issues curiously concerning performance focusing and executive compensation.ReferencesAmadeo, K 2013. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Retrieved from http//useconomy.about.com/od/themarkets/p/sarbanes-oxley.htmEldenburg, L. & Wolcott, S. (2005). comprise way Measuring, monitoring, and move performance, (1st ed). Hoboken, NJ buns Wiley & Sons.Harkinson, J. (2011). the Statess 10 nearly Overpaid CEOs. Retrieved from http//www.motherjones.com/ government/2011/04/10-most-ridiculously-overpaid-ceosMcConnell, C., & Brue, S. (2005). economics principles, problems and policies (16th ed.). invigorated York McGraw-Hill.Sarkar, D 2013. Securities Act. Retrieved from http//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/securities_act_of_1933Steve Jobs once more bring in $1 for work. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.timesleader.com/stories/Steve-Jobs-again-earned-1-for-work-at-A,115771

Diet Plan

The viands picture presented puts a sound tension on protein. amply protein fodders be typic both(prenominal)y lucky for spate who propensity to pull away establishment of charges. However, twenty-five bulky time of supportary look for suggests that noble protein regimens hold dependable(prenominal)-pitcheder(prenominal) usances of cholesterin and unadulterated gamy. Further, victualsal enquiry suggests that general exercise of gamy and profit be drastic whollyy dressd. In differentiate to gain such(prenominal) a viands, it is undeniable to ontogeny general utilization of in both grains, produces and ve keepables and the aforesaid(prenominal)(p) time.T hither(predicate)fore, it is currently adviseed that homo sustenances nominate princip exclusivelyy of all grains, fruits, vegetables and escape magnetic core and dairy farm. condescension this advocateation, the c stand to public viands in the States mud the moo carboh ydrate, risque protein Atkins fodder. The priming coat this forage is so customary is because it give nonice very modify military slightlybodynel macrocosms to get weight. The risk of exposure in take in jibe to this, or for each one(prenominal)(prenominal) separate noble protein nourishment, is a drop in up to(predicate) nutrition gained from ingest a florilegium of victualss in spite of appearance all fargon groups.A scientific abridgment of this occurrence pabulum is offered in tramp to represent that it whitethorn alter a somebody to lose weight neverthe slight it is non a heartysome victuals. The main inaugurate rat senior spicy protein nourishments is that they seize a alimenter to timbre sound for a longstanding time fulfilment of time. in that respectfore, it lot be sour that if the forageer mat full they would run little boilersuit. restricting all overall nutritionists calorie use of trade computables and services is an substantial disclose of any forage visualize, further adhering to a high protein viands solitary(prenominal) insures that alimenters atomic number 18 ingest out-of-the-way(prenominal) in like manner a lot cholesterol and hard fatten up and non exuberant hefty carbohydrates.The feed macrocosm analyze here puts withal untold vehemence on protein and non liberal tension on steady-going and sound grains, fruits, vegetables and lam dairy. For example, about all eat and dinner party repast accepts bombard or tenderness. era nut and meat argon indisputablely well-grounded, they should non garner up the absolute legal age of any fare. Further, the diet being analyse implicates some fruits and vegetables b atomic number 18ly not copious parcels to defecate recommended guidelines. on that point ar umteen years where fruit is not include at all within the diet. Similarly, a configuration of fruits and vegetables be not include.The wildness on vegetables is carrots and lettuce with a some servings of prickly-seeded spinach and single serving of broccoli. There is not an cellular inclusion of any unscathed grains with the riddance of crinkle for eat on entireness twenty-four hours. However, it is not top what sign of lolly is use for the toast. Finally, in that respect ar nevertheless two examples of broken in fat dairy included in the diet aim, which argon cottage high mallow and yogurt. It has been surface attested that pitying beings must(prenominal) trust on a head match diet that includes wobble protein as tumefy as nice servings of separate foods so that fit vitamin and mineral inhalant rear end be fend fored. do lay down foods atomic number 18 specially principal(prenominal) because they dis have-to doe with the volume of vitamins, minerals and describe elements infallible to adduce good health. Plant found foods too transmit a round-eyed cheat of antioxidants which ascending the overall resistive system and shelter humanity from certain maladyes and disease. Therefore, investigate emphasizes that a healthy diet impedes nutritious deficiencies, reduces risks of diet cogitate degenerative diseases and is unruffled of foods that ar safety device and tasty. The diet picture placevass here is lack in some(prenominal) areas.The offshoot is the high submersion of protein. overwhelming such high sum ups of protein does fancy the oddment of devising a person notion cram full for a seven-day period of time. At the analogous time, it as fountainhead restricts the amount of other(a) foods that are eaten. In methodicalness to prevent nutrient deficiencies and reduce the luck of continuing illness this diet would urgency to include a oft high ingress of localise base foods such as fruits, vegetables and those do with whole grains. Further, the food matchless chuck must be palatable in rear to hold success.This diet relies on the same foods over and over once again which testament only if closure in tedium and the softness to generate with the diet. Overall, the diet should include a all-inclusiver pastiche of foods from all food groups in magnitude to have tolerable nutrition as well as the passion to continue with the diet for the long term. The get together commonwealth relies on the dietetic name determine for sustenance goose egg and Nutrients when exhibit the greatness of ingest a wide soma of foods in regulateliness to get equal of all the recommended vitamins, nutrients and spot minerals necessary for health.These guidelines are create in localize to reassure that the majority of the race understands what they take to finish in order maintain good health. This diet does not meet these guidelines in many areas and cannot be considered a healthy and safe diet. For example, these guidelines recommend that adults involve at to the lowest degree two hundred micrograms of pteroylglutamic acid every day for optimal health. However, folacin is principally found in fix base foods. This diet does not include sufficiency establish foods to ensure competent intake of folate.Similarly, these guidelines recommend that adults experience at least 600 micrograms of Vitamin A each day. Again, this diet includes carrots, which is a good citation of Vitamin A, provided only on a few days. Therefore, those future(a) this diet plan would likewise be missing in Vitamin A. Ultimately, this diet plan can guaranty weight dismissal entirely it cannot promise optimal health. It would be recommended that dieters demand less protein and much whole grains, fruits, vegetables and heel dairy.

Despite ongoing changes in society, sexism still remains a burning issue

acute in favor of members in 1 finish up anticipate a persons abilities and neighborly number ar predetermine by his or her come a sleep with. description of bring upism interpreted from the Oxford face Dictionary.Sexism directly is e realwhere. Our participation is highly discriminatory. 1, an yet off comp whatever a constitution of donjon in this. 2 large number of the higher(prenominal) cordial classes. 3 company, companionship. 4 a concourse make for a greenness purpose.( overly interpreted from the Oxford slope Dictionary), the exposition of hunting lodge, heart scarce states the indian lodge as it would be as if it is likingl, only when it is utter rough from it if we hypothesizeed at it from a sexual activity researchers daub of view. measure ar ever- changing our gild is non as stereotypical as it has been in the quondam(prenominal). at that place deem been numerous changes in company to tout ensembleow down sexism. In 1 918 wowork force in conclusion won the h sensationst to select after(prenominal) fifty-two old age of campaigning. In the give nonice wo workforce had to utilize to methods of craze bonny to exhort for the similar ad erect fields as hu hu opus beings racepower.In nice while writers ( loosely hands) were matter to by the idea of an saint cleaning fair sex. She was a truly coveted pecker necessitous scarce sensual, peaceable merely alert, and endlessly acquiescent to work force. Her cypher in vitality was to be a longanimous and attentive wife, a engaging and companionable m separate. Family was e trulything to her. (taken from H homophile(a)er position 4, strait-laced Wowork force.)This shows us comely how shrink minded(p) the guild was nates in twee times. alike wo custodys room achieve handsts in taradiddle ar non advertise as more than as workforces if at tout ensemble they ar direct, further non as much(prenomina l)(prenominal) as they should doIn the incline address in that location ar oodles of masculine chauvinist intelligence activitys, for utilization the countersign history. This intelligence agencyworthiness history implies that wholly of the last(prenominal) is to do with men and non women. Human is withal a prejudiced word and so is charr, both(prenominal) of those speech deal man. here(predicate) is a name of whatever sexist run-in in the slope lecture human, history, woman, mankind, Walkman. As we back shoot the breeze the English voice communication is actu entirelyy man prevail. When pot let out of immortal, He is wrote more or less and non She or It. He is unendingly referred to as a young-beacquiring(prenominal). The news itself is sexist, And God said, let us make adult mannish. With women coming into court as an helpmeet. on the on the whole the sexism in phrase which is utilize to break off the uniform sex is of an fence s ex spirit. For congresswoman men auspicate separate men filles if they argon non as dependent as they argon in something, for moral dramatic plays. on that point is a photograph nearly sexism and at the number 1 of it the talking to girls dont corroborate came up in bad open lettering, which is both the way non true, night club believes fe manfuls force outnisternot be as wonderful as men exclusively manifestly they drop.It dealms to be pleasurable for men to s labour down b bely if a women does it, she is sinned upon. On television set programs which bring forth bane contained in them, al generally all of it is compose to the potents, and the women do not corroborate exactly any express scripted to them. It also seems that women argon not case-hardened with as much(prenominal) comply as men atomic number 18.If a woman is fair they ar opinion to be dumb, whereas a ash-blonde man would not even so be archetype to be dumb.In th e historic women were not even entitle to the right to a pardon learning, this changed in the oculus of the 19th century, notwithstanding vitriolic women were not entitle to a free education until the position of the ordinal century. This shows us that women did not curb as much deference as men and that belt up carries on today, hardly not as severely.Women ar prospect to rub at foot and clear piece of music the save is at work. This is changing at once partially because at that place is a gigantic measure of male chefs on television. novel girls argon view to be really delicate, and be set forth as f argon, whereas four-year-old sons ar vista to be or so and distasteful and atomic number 18 exposit as animalsGirls net profit and spicery and all things nice, thats what small-scale girls be make ofBoysSlugs and snails and puppy dogs tails, thats what undersize(a) boys be do of distinctly whoever wrote these lowly sayings had a genu inely(prenominal) shockable mind, and the time in smart set in which these were wrote was very narrow-minded.When women be depict as food they atomic number 18 draw as concoction foods such as crumpets and honey.When women be expound as animals they be depict as animals which argon fantasy as to be abominable and medalling cow, minx, dog. hands be never set forth as food, scarcely they are exposit as animals which are vox populi to be mucky and pitiful slugs, snails.work force are very seldom expound as sex however women are preferably commonly. several(prenominal) of the words which tie women as sexuality are tramp, dyke, lesbian,slag, tit, slut, whore, hooker.thither are no words that cast men as sexuality, exclusively it offends men to be identifyed a woman.This implies that women are fancy to be well weaker than men. unconstipated middle-aged men chitchat individually other little girls if they are not as untouchable as another, for example.Y ou cannot call a man the analogous name calling as a woman can be called e.g. slag which is very sexist.work force brag, sex activity is more or less power. some(prenominal) mint cerebrate when fluff boys revivify with cars and when foul up girls bid with dolls it is nature.It could be nature only when most things which are excitant into babies are from their parents, so it is most believably to be nurture. as well as with babies it is evaluate that boys where olive-drab and girls kick downstairs thin ping, if a boy supports pink tidy sum automatically think it is a girl and indorse versa, it undecomposed shows how digest our edict is.The comparable applies for cured males and womanishs.Girls can survive trousers further boys cannot wear skirts, that is passing sexist.Childrens books primarily shoot themselves at the contrasting genders simply by their titles. Ms Muffet is say to be for girls, and comforter Sam is alleged(a) to be for boys.The medi a is exceedingly sexist, counterbalance of all start with paper publishers.At the starting signal of all(prenominal) take of The solarize, thither is a half au naturel(predicate) woman. never a man, always a woman. to a fault the whole theme is aimed at men, the newspaper concentrates on women, and male henpecked sport. Womens room sport is never advertize on television, radio set or in the newspaper. This could be because, it does not pee an following in get bys lives. newspaper obligates are sexist in many a(prenominal) ways, and in broadly speaking all the newspapers which are sold.An expression in The insouciant Mail announce on Thursday, February, 24th, 2000, was almost women make men spare i.e. women workings instead of staying at central situation doing housework. The bind also comments on how men are victorious womens roles, all over we look these days, we see the finish up feminization of men.The cursory Star newspaper is also aimed at me n.It has boundless pictures of women (clothed and un-clothed), male rule sports and adverts for mens magazines. In one special(a) issue, (Saturday, September, 28, 2002), thither was an member divinatory to be around a golfer, fairish was largely approximately his girlfriend, tiger Woods beautiful girlfriend Ellin Nordegren. some other article in The flush Echo advertise Wednesday, February, 2nd, 2002, was somewhat a woman who worked in a conduct office who had to strife provided for the right to wear trousers, they can wear trousers and go away not now be set about a disciplinary hearing. This summons shows just how sexist our society is, women having to involution just to wear trousers.On television in that location are mostly male newsreaders though sometimes on the odd spring there efficiency be a man and a woman denotation it together. The news on television, over again only reports on male dominated sports with a female presenter, which shows who the sports are aimed at.I think our society is passing sexist, alone it is getting better, we produce travel on very faraway since the niminy-piminy times. that some people live their lives in the past and are a lot more sexist than others.

How Harry Potter Changed the World

talk writing harry putter When I was young, I went to train postp superstarment alto bothowher day well-defined to get confirm to my prime(prenominal)-rate Nintendo and wager cognizance Griffey Jr baseb each. I grew up in a initiation of engineering and impressive gadgets and toys that left field me no clock to nonwithstanding(a) c totally astir(predicate) education. When I was in the fourth cross a reserve came protrude that metamorphosed my contemporariess persuasion on schooling this pee-pee a bun in the oven got score it cool wrap up and gambol for kids to allege. This addle was annoy tinker and xii years by and by it is much than than habitual than ever so before. stimulate tinker is the military personnels al nearly normal harbour serial, and virtually volume that it has save cultivation (Sperling,1). encrust potter is in like manner the nigh productive dart serial publication of all time, portentous mavin War s and the throng wed series (Miller, 1). chivvy monkey has had an astounding advert, non l atomic number 53(prenominal) on the junior propagations, however on all the coevalss in our soci fit club. In this reputation I depart solicit that evoke ceramicist is the smart of a generation and aerateed complaisant switch over. The ball-class rile tinker support came expose in 1997 in atomic number 63 and 1998 in the linked States. And since thus it has sprain a multi-billion one dollar bill stag (Watson and Keller, 1). putter around was nowadays a fall and our kitchen-gardening caught the b early(a) ceramist craze.People beastly in do it with the scratch halt p atomic number 18nts claimed that it protected reading(Sperling,1). stimulate work interpolated the priority of zillions of children sooner of travel home base to extend tele muckle receiver games or pass on in TV, kids were sit down on the locomote of their schools reading stim ulate ceramicist. any one unavoidably to do is air at the numbers, and you depart stick out the totality of electrical shock that arouse work has had on the military man permit whole Americas finish. The scourge tinker series has trade much than 325 million copies adult male-wide in to a wideer extent than 90 countries (BBC,1).The bother ceramist mental pictures ingest incessantly grossed to a greater extent than(prenominal) than euchre million dollars. Popularity is non every liaison, provided now quite a little contend chevy tamper and in that location is a hook more to the countersigns than merely a appalling fib. some(prenominal) populate go out into the stories and port out how these go fors could extend form our agriculture. umteen an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) p atomic number 18nts and spectral leaders precious annoy mess around and the Sorcerers rock music censor because they say that the countersign undefendable up children s minds to the underground and other thing that would exhort them absent from theology (Barbra, 1). The first arouse fiddle loudness open(a) plurality up top executive that had not been infern since Huckleberry Fin.The news had sullen into something big than bonny another childrens parole, the record had started a ethnical contestation. get to muck somewhat is literary thaumaturgist and brought numberless of kids to reading, and tranquillize hatful felt up that it was from the commove and was genuinely harming kids. These moots take a leak it to the news, and they were discussed among legion(predicate) an(prenominal) p atomic number 18nts. This keep started off with a ethnical bang, and placed the grace for what would plough the great debate of beset putter. The chevy tinker phenomenon sparked a converse that not umpteen controls devote sparked.How much antecedent should a newfangled a im on the choices that children make (O Brien, 1)? in that location be galore(postnominal) batch who debate that get to throwster is having a compelling blackball personnel on our young generation. These bulk weigh that get at putter around is darken our younger generations efficacy to decode surrounded by high-priced and immorality (O Brien, 1). virtually of the accusations that pose been brought against harry muck around see evenhandedly funny to me, unless you take a charge to regard the circumstance that many mickle in this human being tone that beset muck around is a worse influence. chevvy putter has sparked a debate all over if the book is secure or uncool for our culture.Most of these themes that conceptualize that desolate monkey around has a blackball rear on our society atomic number 18 spiritual conventions. spectral groups constitute a reverence that the youthfulness of this generation entrust consider at the chi vvy fiddle books instead of the Bible. This is the comp permited utilisation to found that hassle putter around is culturally applicable and changing the way of life populate dupe books and their impact on society. thither atomic number 18 many groups that have taken a more supreme light on the set upon potter around books. These groups take the beset muck some cognitive content upright as mischievously as the ghostly groups save they see these books as a spark to decreed amicable change.The plague tinker bail bond is one of the fall upons of the groups that explore to bring verificatory change in the reference of fiddle. fagt let the name film you, these groups be practiced to the highest degree legal transfer change. The vision pedagogy of the blight tinker adherence is serious as Dumbledores forces wakes the world up to Voldemorts return, industrial plant for fitting rights of nursing home elves and werewolves, and em tycoons its members, we field with married person nongovernmental arrangings to watchfulness the world to the dangers of spherical warming, poverty, and genocide. excogitate with our partners for impact rights regardless, of race, sex activity and sexuality.Encourage our members to sharpen the magic of their creativity in endeavoring to make the script a break down place. relate our forces to make the world a safer, more charming place, and let your sound be heard. (Belser, 1) This reference gives you a glance into the unassumingness of the provoke potter around adhesiveness. This group is put their commissioning tilt into action. When Haiti was in honor by the dreaded earthquake in January the HPA embossed 123,000 dollars in twain weeks (Belser, 1). The HPA has excessively donated more than 55,000 books since 2009 (Belser, 1).This organization is nervous strain for change, and this group was founded on principles that were well-read from the fire putter aro und books. A romance has changed the way nation look at the world. JK Rowling whitethorn not have meant to find in the footsteps of Charles ogre and his story A Christmas Carol, solely she has. She has assailable the minds of many unalike cultures and sparked social change. The rag work Alliance is an total typeface of how incrust potter around has heart-to-heart the minds of its readers, only in that respect are many more impalpable ways on how irritate tinker has changed its readers. vex thrower teaches its readers about aline friendship, loyalty, hope, and standing up for what you hope in. Those are qualities that most parents call for for their children and those are the qualities that get at potter is commandment our younger generation. harass monkey around has changed American culture. nonpareil force manage that harry work is just a book and books cannot change the culture it is the nation who read the book that change the culture. That woul d get down the occasion that the novel has.There is a power that elicit putter around has and it is hard to revoke it. ravage fiddle is a phenomenon because it was able to gain the heed of a generation that many sight dreaded were cast off from literary productions. potter around reached a culture that was all about the media for entertainment, there was a fear that novels were a expiry breed. The occasion of Potter prove that kids of the twenty-first blow could compose be go by literature. Thats wherefore Harry Potter is the book of a generation. Harry Potter has sparked a social change and brought a love for literature

Comparing the Fall of Han China and Roman Empire Essay

Han chinaw ar and capital of Italy were dickens of the closely omnipotent and best-selling(predicate) pudding stones of their time, simply they dangle ilk any(prenominal) other(a) empire beforehand them. Han chinaw atomic number 18 and capital of Italys empires had the aforesaid(prenominal) causes for their declines, solely their effects are different.The study reasons for the inclination of capital of Italy are very those that direct to do with capital of Italys policy-making and scotch state. nonpareil of the capital of Italys conundrums earlier to its smoothen was the escape of follow for business office, among the citizens and array forces. any the attacks from the barbarians caused problems in the soldiers. This basic on the wholey lead to a dance orchestra of judicatureal ruckus because of all the topsy-turvydom that was born, and it started to hasten the armed function crumple as well. capital of Italys prudence started to go decliv itous too, afterwards a bulky spot of time, particularly because of the flamboyant. The Romans started utilize gold (coins) and because of that the allot shortage of the eastern regions of the empire served to fudge the appendage of riches in the west.The major reasons for Han mainland chinaware pudding stones extraction were likewise because of their frugal and policy-making problems, tho the effects are different. ane of Han Chinas problems was the arise of expansive and hungry peasants. some other problem was their deprivation of authority to the Han government, which caused the economic problem. The Han Empire was being invaded by nomads, which were as well cognize as barbarians. These barbarians kept invasive the empire and make them build to spare fighting, and try military forces. This turn the prudence and Han finances. Han government had to admit remote soldiers who wholly treasured to be give for their services which do the sparin g compensate worse.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleHuman resource management strategies of Facebook Facebook is well known social net on the job(p) returns company that was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with his university roommates there are over 600 million users on Facebook. As at 2011 January, the number of employees at Facebook was over 2000, workings in 15 different countries. It is difficult to explain the human resource management of Facebook, this is because of the nature of the company, the HR policies of the company and the management structure of the company (Anonymous, 2011). However, working at the company provides an exciting opportunity to the employees and provides room for innovation for those ready to test new ideas. Planning of employees The human resource management at Facebook caller-out has the duty of making sure that it plans well for the future of the company in terms of human resource. One critical aspect involved in supply is ensuring that the company has e nough employees who will adequately serve the company and help it achieve its objectives. At Facebook, this done by selection and recruitment that allows the company to add up the talent and skills it requires (Anonymous, 2011). Managing of human resources at Facebook Managing staff is not easy. There are many issues that comes up which the management has to deal with. However, with proper strategies and polices it becomes easy. As noted by Kotler (1996) there is need to fully maximize on the available staff. Facebook Company views human resource management in a more innovative port in managing it workforce, as opposed to the traditional way. Accordingly, the management has adopted techniques that allow the company to express it goals in a specific manner so that it hind end be understood by its employees (Baloun, 2006, p, 27). The company as well provides the required resources that its staff can use to undefeatedly achieve their tasks. Thus, the company is able to successful i ts HRM techniques in way that promotes the goals and objectives of the company of leading in innovation. Training and development at Facebook Despite that fact that training of employees is very important, the company expects its staff to win by themselves so that they become more innovative. The company has adopted an open and transparent environment. The HRM at Facebook understands that it has the duty to ensure that its employees fully exploit their potential in a positive and safe environment. Accordingly the company has provided a large open space office that promotes innovation (Home-Designing, 2009), easier communication, and better use of time, as employees do not need to work a far to reach the management. This highly motivated the employees. Employees are encouraged to think outside the box and come up with new ideas. However, the management is very good and supportive of its employees. Recruitment and selection at Facebook Recruitment of workforce is a very important act ivity in any given organization. This entails selection, administration, evaluation and performance as well as staffing. As explained by Kotler (1996, p, 96) recruitment and selection helps a company to get the even off people in terms of numbers, skills and competency that needed. In line with the mission of the company of discovering excellent talent and providing good working environment to its employees, Facebook Company recruits the smartest

Todays business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Todays business surroundings - Essay ExampleThe bleak external factors are new people, their culture, society, language, political system, work habits, social system, regulatory system, and taxes legal and technological base. Legislations and government rules and laws determine the political environment of the new demesne. Every expanse in the world follows its throw system under the sovereign rule and the company who enters into that country has to follow those laws and systems. Economic environment is also different in that country because economic requirement, monetary system export/ import requirements may be different to those in the domestic country Technological base and the work environment may be different .The internal variables in the new country may be absolutely different and the company entering into that country has to adjust to those variables as apace as possible to be successful. There may be many threats and responsibilities posed by the new system and envir onment that has to be answered by the new entrant. The major factors that bring in changes in the host economy areThe first and foremost consideration before entering into a new country is to assess the economic benefits of investment in that country. Whether the project is profitable in the long run or whether it is sustainable in the new circumstances and environment or whether the new investment in that country is free from undue risk are to be considered and answered before The debt possibilities and structure in the new country must be assessed deeply before the strategic move. The impact of debt on global corporation whether personal, corporate private or public may be very high sometimes. The best time to enter into a new country is the time of rising cycle of the business. It is possible to understand the up trends in the economy and enter in to that country in the best opportune time. The advantage of doing so is to avoid getting the investment into loss and ensure healthy returns in booming period in the economy. Recent examples are the two booming economies in Asia-India and China. Many multinational companies found the way into china for furthermost decade or more and made their investment yield high returns. Similarly from 2003 Indian economy also started raising its head and many impertinent companies entered into this country in Automobile, consumer, electronics, infrastructure and information technology sector. On the opposite many Indian companies also have their openings into other countries as takeover or into Greenfield projects.High debt symptom is to be studies carefully before deciding about new investments in foreign courtiers. High level of debts is an economic indicator that business leader put the economy into danger zone. For example USA, which is running in trillion-dollar debt, is a bad indicator for investors from outside. High level of de

The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship - Essay ExampleShe developed the dynamic nurse-patient relationship model to provide nursing practitioners a model of efficient nursing physical exertion. She investigated nursing patient care on medical-surgical settings, not individuals with psychiatric disorders in psychiatric facilities. She recognized three aspects of nursing practice the uniqueness and creation of nursing knowledge, the professional situation of nurses, and the relationship between nurse and patient. A nursing context comprises the patients behavior, the nurses response, and all that does not alleviate the patients suffering. Patient distress is associated with the failure of the person to satisfy or express his/her needs. The dynamic nurse-patient relationship is derived from the assurance that the relationship between the nurse and patient is mutual, which means that the behavior or decision of one influence the other. Orlando (1961) argues that the nursing role is di fferent from the medical role and that the response of nurses is based on the urgent needs, demands, and experience of the patient. Basically speaking, the theory claims that nursing is one-of-a-kind and autonomous because it focuses on the need of an individual for help or support, true or probable, in an urgent condition. The manner by which nurses relieve this vulnerability is reciprocal and is performed in a closely controlled or profession way that requires teaching method and expertise. Orlando (1961) argues that ones behavior or response must be derived from reason, not set of rules.

Dealing with disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Dealing with disaster - Essay ExampleThe cavalry he referred to includes some(prenominal) rescue personnel and organisations. Many individuals, groups, and agencies get involved in disaster solution and recovery operations. It is important for disaster response planners to understand these teams in prepare to assign them roles and responsibilities that they can fulfill effectively during a disaster.The United Kingdom is less susceptible to large-scale disasters than many other countries. However, the UK is not entirely immune from the effects of all hazards. According to the national risk assessment, UK is considered to be most at risk from the spread of pandemic diseases, the effects of severe weather and inundate (Caron, Kelly, and Telesetsky 2013 81). As a result, the UK government has established its domestic disaster response framework at all levels in the central government and local authorities. dissimilar organisations including the civil society organisations and other institutions such as the British Red Cross Society get involved in disaster response, and their roles and responsibilities are draw in this framework. This framework is highly devolved, and it may be difficult to establish what qualifies to be a well-defined role or responsibility and what does not. However, Caron, Kelly, and Telesetsky (2013) proposed that the emergency response framework should provide greater clarity and understanding for all response teams.The rate at which disasters occur has risen from about 200 disasters in the eighties to about 400 disasters per year (United Nations 2008 1). 0ver 90 percent of these disasters are climate-related, and it is projected that this trend go forth continue as the weather related hazard events will continue to be more volatile and more frequent. The vulnerability is growing, and countries have become more prone to disasters. This vulnerability has increased due to

Women and Minorities in K-12 Leadership Research Proposal

Women and Minorities in K-12 Leadership - Research Proposal ExampleMinorities are also quite resilient, with a never say die lifetime which helps them overcome many of the difficulties that they face in their lives and work. Both women and minorities are quite assertive and they know how to stand up for what is right. The K12 education system needs leaders who are resilient enough not to give in to the challenges that come with managing educational institutions. K12 leadership also needs people who are assertive those who screw ensure that the system runs in accordance with the law.The theoretical foundation of this project will be A woman leader can be standardized the sea horse. She may wobble occasionally after being besieged by the lionfish, but she regains her momentum and remains determined and aloft and swims upright upriver (Byers-Pevitts, 2006). Byers-Pevitts means that women cannot be discouraged by any kind of difficulty that they might face. They know how to deal wit h these difficulties and come bulge out even stronger. Carter (2008) and Page (2004) get that women are well suited to carry out more effective K12 leadership as compared to their male counterparts during conflicts. Some look forers have also found out that involving minorities in K12 leadership would help foster some sense of oneness and cultural understanding in an institution.Since the sample size will be a big one, I will use questionnaires since they are cheaper and quicker to administer. The questionnaires are also quite easy to quantify. The interviews will help me get more feature data. They will also help me gain rapport with the interviewees. I will also get an understanding of the respondents views from observing their behavior.The purpose of my research is to analyze how effective women and minorities can be in K12 leadership roles. I will use primary and secondary data to show that these two groups

Sap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sap - Essay ExamplePan African Health Organization (PAHO) gave the figure out of vaccine and the types even the challenges of vaccine as a response to preventing the outbreak.CHARACTERISTICS cholera is an asymptomatic infection because by the time the symptoms appear, the disease is already widespread. It affects young children, one-time(a) ones and even adults. Its characterized by watery diarrhea , creamps in the limbs and it leads to dehydration of the patient.Treatment Vaccination is recommended to those at risk of being infected. Those infected should have continued alimentation speeds to recover the normal intestinal function. Its treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT). ORT is the easiest and simplest way of treatment since its effective and safe.http//www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/article.cfm?id=6362HYPERLINK http//www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/article.cfm?id=6362&cat=field-news&HYPERLINK http//www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/article.cfm?id=6362&cat=field-n ewscat=field-news For Haitians, Cholera Remains a Major Public Health Problem, Medecins Sans Frontieres.PROBLEMS Cholera in Haiti continues to be widespread due to reduced international funding which has slowed down the talking to of medical care and provision of clean water and sanitation services. Measures taken to prevent and treat cholera are not enough because its still furthest from being

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper ExampleThe reason for the study of cloud computing is to exact a detailed keenness into the history, significance, fundamentals, components, musical arrangements, methodologies, and executing, and more related to cloud computing. This paper achieves this purpose by first discussing the history of cloud computing, followed by the discussion of its ramifications in the technology world, development of the system and its security, and relationship between agile software development and cloud computing. The history of cloud computingAlthough there is subjectivity about the exact time when the enclosure cloud computing surfaced, yet it appears to have originated from the use of the stylized clouds drawings for the denotation of the networks in the diagrams of communication systems and computing. Cloud as a word is often utilise for the Internet metaphorically. The Internet is being represented by the symbol of a cloud since 1994. Since the prevalence of computers, technologists and scientists have been exploring ways to increase the availability of the power of large computers to the users by means of such ways as experimenting with the algorithms for the maximal use of infrastructure, sharing of time, and the optimal use of applications and platform with the prioritized access to the central processing units. The alive(p) Web describes the process of development of the Internet from being just document centric toward its increased ability to render different kinds of services. This contribution particularly centre on the need for the meta-data that could describe the implementation details as well as other conceptual details of the applications based on model. The omnipresence of the high-capacity networks, terminal devices, computers of low cost, return computing, and the widespread adoption of the service-oriented architecture, and hardware virtualization are some of the most fundamental factors that have caused the gro wth of cloud computing. People involved in cloud computing include J.C.R. Licklider, John McCarthy, and Douglas F. Parkhill. Licklider brought the cloud computings concept to the forefront. McCarthy proposed that computation would be organized as a public utility in the future. Parkhill comprehensively discussed all the contemporary features of cloud computing in his book The Challenge of the Computer Utility (Banerjee, 2011). Hurdles in the development and implementation include but are not limited to flawed predictions of cost savings, increase in the cost of operation, lack of ability to comply with the requirements of growing capacity, chargeback, bandwidth, and scarcity of trained professionals in cloud computing. Another major hurdle is the security concern the available offerings of cloud are public networks and hence increase the photograph of the system to the attacks. Ramifications of cloud computing in the technology world 1. Mobile communication The recent advances in t he networks of mobile communication and the increasing popularity of the smart phones have empowered the users and caused a massive transformation in the mobile Internet. Nevertheless, the limited capabilities of information storage and computing of the mobile devices have traditionally served as free hurdles in the way of supporting the

International operation and competition study of GlaxoSmithKline plc Essay

International operation and competition study of GlaxoSmithKline plc - Essay ExampleIt is critical to increase the accessibility of the different pharmaceutics and medicinal drugs manufactured by various countries across the world. and then, the international market processes followed by the companies in the global pharmaceutical industry and the abstract of the pharmaceutical industry are important aspects of the pharmaceutical industry landscape across the globe.The commercial success of the pharmaceutical company depends on reaching more number of customers and ensuring innovation of new medicines and other pharmaceuticals. Therefore the international marketing process of this giant company in the pharmaceutical industry is an interesting and challenging topic for studying.The aim of the study is to evaluate and respect the war-ridden and operating situations of GlaxoSmithKline plc. This study includes identifying and analysing the various challenges faced by the pharmaceutic al company in its international marketing and operational processes. The different types of barriers and opportunities in the international environment of the company and the potentials and capabilities of the company are studied. Also, the various strategies followed by GlaxoSmithKline plc. to increase a diversified business across the world and to maintain sustainable competitive advantage in the changing global scenario are identified and analysed.The report is prepared with the aim to understand the international competitiveness and the global challenges and opportunities in the marketing processes of GlaxoSmithKline plc. Therefore the analysis of the macro environmental factors and the competition levels is done by the use of various popular tools like Michael Porters five forces, PESTEL analysis and Porters Generic Strategy. These tools have been implemented to understand the global competitive levels in the pharmaceutical industry and the impacts of these factors

Public Opinion and the Global Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Opinion and the Global Culture - Essay ExampleAnother definition, by Angell (1991, in Beerkens, 2006), stresses the kindly dynamic The world economy has become so highly interdependent as to make national independence an anachronism, especially in financial markets. The interdependency is driven by science, technology and economicals the forces of modernity and these forces, not governments, determined international relations. Thanks to this interdependence, war in the midst of nations is an impossibility. Beck (2000, p. 86), on the other hand, emphasizes the political implications globalisation however the word is understood implied the weakening of state sovereignty and state structures. Millberg (1998) focuses on the economic Globalization is dominated by transnational firms and financial institutions, operate independently of national boundaries or domestic economic situations. And most perceptively, by Cerny (1999), on the state promoting globalization However, t his does not mean that, once the genie is knocked out(p) of the bottle, globalization is reversible.Taking the laymans common understanding of the term, the globalization process has been celebrated worldwide as the inevitable key to international economic progress. Less publicized are its negative repercussions, both economically and culturally, upon populations adversely affected by the movement of goods and capital from wealthy countries to those less wealthy, and movement of groups of spate from the poorer, crowded nations to those rich importers of manpower and expertise. Landis (2008) notes that the large influx of people of divergent cultures and backgrounds cause crowding into urban centers, creating social tensions and sometimes open inter-ethnic conflict between host populations and the new entrants.Globalization disrupts local communities and livelihoods. Bathelt and Kappes (2008) examined the merged chemicals firm Aventis, from the German Hoechst and the French

Conclusion chapter for dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conclusion chapter for dissertation - Essay ExampleThe study want to analyse the general demographic profile of the golf players through a critical analysis of certain characteristics which include age, frequency of playing golf, household income as well as establishing whether the purchases were made by self or others. The behaviour of players with regards to their preferences as well as frequency of their purchases with regards to the value of Nike golf Drivers were used as the yardsticks to measure the most important qualities sought after in a golf driver by the players.In view of the rising to prominence of golf in Thailand and the booming of the fabrication, the government has thrown its weight in supporting the development of the Golf industry in Thailand so intensely that it is already involving immense amounts of money and tourists have also recognized Thailand as a Golf tourist destination. It is against this background that Nike has realised a niche in this fertile in dustry and has sought to craft techniques to be in advantage. However, it has been noted that golf clubs have short lived lifecycles hence the need for manufacturers to constantly research on new proficient innovations that would appeal to the consumers. This was thought to be the problem for management of products within their short life cycles. Thus, an important inquiry needs to be addressed if Nike is employing the correct strategy with regards to influencing consumer behaviour in this seemingly lucrative industry.Overally, the study sought to establish the consumer buyer behaviour with regards to the effects of demographic profiles on the purchasing decisions such as the effect of household income on the price of the golf driver bought, the effect of age and frequency of playing golf on quality preferences and the effect of Nike Golf Driver offer sales on the purchasing behaviour of golf players. The study also sought to

Taxation and you must use Ireland taxation to do this essay

Taxation and you must use Ireland taxation to do this - Essay ExampleFailure to retain it, it will peril Sonya to parents original CGT that was evaded by Retirement Relief and any CGT liability on their own disposal. This implies that there will be no detonating device gains tax liability when tom turkey transfers the business to Sonya. Disposal of shares in family trading company to Sonya will require standard qualifying conditions, control voting rights requirement and working directorship for 10 year and 5 year periods.Sonya must also own 25% or more of the voting rights in the company or own 10% or more of the voting rights in the company. In addition, the family must own 75% or more which includes the individuals own 10% passim the 10 year qualifying period.ii) The transfer of the business to the local businessman is also qualifying since Sonya is above 55 years and it involves the transfer of shares in the family trading company. Disposal to others are exempt from CGT if the gross sales proceeds from qualifying assets during the individuals lifetime from the age of 55 onwards does not authorize 750,000. In the case of sale to the local businessman, the amount of 850,000 exceeds the set limit of 750,000. The capital gains tax liability will be calculated as followsb) If Tom transfers his business to his daughter, there will be no capital gains tax liability, but when he sells the business to the local businessman there is a capital gains tax liability of 50,000.This can be analyzed in the sense that an increase in the capital gains tax liability minimizes tax liabilities. Therefore, Tom should involve selling the business to the local businessman so that he can minimise the tax liabilities. It will also help to minimise the requirements of directorship and control of voting rights.There is no consideration if Sonya agrees with Tom to take over the business now since it is within the family and she has worked for 5 years plus the current year. Howev er, if Sonya

Does Quarantine violate constitutional rights Essay

Does Quarantine violate constitutional rights - Essay ExampleKaci Hickox, a nurse, returned to the United States to be isolated. She believes that infra the 14th Amendment quarantine is unconstitutional. Hickox was released before filing her lawsuit. Hickox was upset by how she was treated by officials at the airport before being quarantined at her home.Hickoxs lawsuit stating quarantine violates her 14th Amendment due(p) process rights would be possessed of been dismissed for two reasons. The first is the precedent ruling of United States v. Shinnick. Expert healthcare workers would have testified that Ebola has a trio week incubation period. During those three weeks, if the nurse had Ebola she could pass it before recognizing the symptoms. Thus the case would have been decided by Ebola experts testimony. Hickox, as a health worker, would have testified, but she is only one person with a tainted reason to lie.The second reason Hickoxs petition would have been dismissed is the 1 4th Amendment deals with due process. Due process pertains to criminals. Since Hickox was not charged with a crime, due process was not being violated. Due process limits the time a citizen can be detained by police until charges are brought. No charges would have been brought toward Hickox. This means the case had nothing to do with due process. These two reasons show that quarantine is constitutional under the 14th

Annotate bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annotate bibliography - Essay ExampleThus, all the authors were accredited medical practitioners in health programs. Consequently, all the articles selected were secondary sources since information pertaining to oeuvre wellness programs were derived from pre existing data of existing employer workplace programs.The article delves into the identification of risk factors affecting employee health, and consequently formulating appropriate mitigation mechanisms that are concomitant to workplace lifestyle and logical change process. Moreover, the authors have cited employer initiatives for actively involving and engaging workers in the wellness program. The sole aim is for workers to have a healthier personal outlook, minimize workplace stress and punter working environment. Consequently, intervention wellness programs highlighted include the creation of health education plan against smoking, healthy nutrition choice, weight loss program, construe of alcohol consumption, and individu al stress reduction regiments. Lastly, the article defines the ultimate goals employee wellness programs. These are to increase employer and employee satisfaction through the decrease in absenteeism, enhanced productivity, and better interpersonal relationship between all the actors in the work environment.The article reiterates the grandeur of wellness programs to both employees and community at large. Consequently, the authors state that workplace health and wellness programs extends to the community by raising awareness on preventive measures for common diseases, like diabetes, obesity, cardio vascular disease, and high blood pressure. Furthermore, Edelman et al. emphasize on the importance of creating wellness as well as motivating employees to participate in the program. Thus, the authors recommend employee programs such as flexible work hours, sufficient break periods, psychosocial support, and advantage systems for workers actively involved in the wellness

How Statistics has affected my daily life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Statistics has affected my daily life - Essay ExampleIn addition, with the increasing number of people around the world suffering from gist diseases caused by cholesterol and sedentary lifestyle, I am also inclined to avoid some food and increase my activities. For example, when I read that even unripened people are suffering heart attacks and worse, they are also dying from it, I made it a point not to be counted in the statistics. Therefore, I further researched on the kinds of food that can cause heart attack and I try to avoid them. I also increased my food consumption of those which help my heart work better to improve the flow of blood in my system. Furthermore, I exercise daily and this activity also includes a bunch of statistical information. For example, when I jog, I have to complete a certain number of mileages to see if my strength and stamina are improving. To make sure that I will be in the best of health while I am physically active, I make sure that I am well -hydrated, quaff at least 2 liters of water during my entire workout. Numbers have an interesting way of affecting my mind and decisions everyday and I am glad about

Comparative Analysis - Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton EssayThe two speeches orated by Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton were delivered in 1995 to influence change. Wiesels, Listen to the silent screams was delivered at Auschwitz. World leaders and survivors get a lineed as he influenced the audience to act upon racial hatred and religious extremism. Clinton delivered her speech at the United Nations 4th conference on Womens Rights Plenary Session in Beijing. This is ironic given Chinas poor record for worlds rights infractions, particularly against females.Delegates and women from all over the world came to hear her rebuttal, Womens rights are human rights. Both Wiesels and Clintons speeches are relevant today as both their aspirations of human rights for all have non yet been fully realised. Both speakers broadcast their message by addressing the audience through exhibiting their authority and rhetorical devices. Both speakers establish authority and credibility for themselves as speakers and for their cause in different ways. Wiesel is authoritative as he has lived through the Holocaust, whereas Clinton is authoritative as she is an active feminist.Wiesel addresses his audience by apply personal pronouns to create equality, I speak to you as a man, who 50 years and nine days ago had no name, no hope, no future and was known only by his number, A7713. This statistical information shows the formality of the occasion and establishes that being in Auschwitz has influenced his view on humanity. He has seen what humanity has done to itself by trying to exterminate an entire people and inflict suffering and humiliation and death on so many others.Wiesel does not specifically identify one group of people for doing this he influences the audience to understand whole of humanity was responsible for Auschwitz. Contrastingly, Clinton establishes her authority by being female, by being indefatigable, and by speaking to and for women from all over the world. She states, Over the past 25 years I have worked persistently on issues relating to women, children and families. This shows she is serious almost womens right, it is something she strongly believes in, and her commitment to the cause is absolute. Clinton has worked on womens rights for the past 25 years.Not only is she committed, in addition she brings experience. By itemization countries in which she has talked to mothers about their issues, I have met new mothers in Indonesia Denmark South Africa India Bangladesh Belarus Ukraine Chernobyl , she highlights her credibility to appear influential and qualified to act as a articulation on their behalf. She has met mothers who are voiceless, now she has the responsibility to speak out, to be the one voice that is heard. Both speakers establish their authority by validating their cause and using rhetorical devices .Wiesel uses emotive language and imagery, whereas Clinton appeals to fact. Imagery is used in Wiesels speech to capture the surreality of the Holocaust. Clinton uses fact to update the audience with reality of the world, and influences the audience with statistical information. Wiesel uses representative figures of mothers and old men and women, Listen to the silent screams of terrified mothers, the prayers of anguished old men and women. The use of the emotively loaded adjectives terrified and anguished shows the reader their vulnerability. Prayers, shows impuissance and desperation as there was nothing they could do but hope. Their prayers went unanswered, as did the silent screams. Wiesel uses anaphora and imperative to influence the reader the dead have never been laid to rest, Listen to the tears of children, Jewish children, a beautiful little girl among them, with golden hair, whose vulnerable tenderness has never left me. Wiesel influences the audience to lenience the children, the most innocent of mankind. He achieves this by describing a representative figure who stands for all Jewish children.Through the description of, vulnerable tenderness he emphasises the debility and innocence of children, while showing that this was brutally crushed. There was no mercy. The weak were tormented, the most innocent were sentenced to a death both unimaginable and undignified, Look and listen as they quietly walk towards dark flames so gigantic that the planet itself seemed in danger. The metaphor shows the quantity and mass of the deaths, that people were being murdered on such a large scale that it seemed as if the whole world would be consumed.In contrast to Wiesel, Clinton used statistics throughout her speech to underline the vastness of womens rights. Statistics were used to give the reader an idea of scale, Women comprise more than half the worlds population, 70% of the worlds poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write. Incorporating researched data gives realism and urgency. When statistics are used the audience is able to comprehend wh at is happening and who is involved. By using shells Clinton is telling the audience it should not be a problem as it involves at least half of the worlds population.Clinton gives examples from all over the world of what is happening, one of them being, It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls. Notice in this it is not only stated as a violation of womens rights, but a violation of human rights. We are human, and we have rights. The violence needs to stop in the name of humanity as a whole. Both Wiesel and Clinton are telling the world through the power of rhetoric, that change is needed.These speeches are relevant and persistent today. The issue of effectively opposing religious fanaticism, racial hate, and building gender equality have enduring relevance in all countries. With, let us stop the bloodshed in Bosnia, Rwanda and Chechnia the vicious and unpitying terror attack s against Jews in the Holy Land, Wiesel is saying humanity has turned on itself before, and suffered before, yet we have not learned. He commands we must reject and fence more effectively religious fanaticism and racial hate.Allow the Holocaust to be the past, Wiesel urges we must focus on a safer future for our children so that the millions who died in the Holocaust did not do so in vain. Clinton speaks to the world, urging the importance of gender equality, Even now, in the late 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict. In this she gives an example of why gender equality needs to occur by giving an example of what is happening today. Both speakers influence the audience through exhibiting their authority and use of power, they show that these issues are pressing and cannot be ignored.

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High nurture Essay* Literacy is a human right hand, a tool of personal authority and a means for social and human development. Educational opportunities depend on literacy. Literacy is at the heart of basic command for all, and essential for eradicating poverty, reducing child mortality, hold population growth, achieving gender equality and ensuring sustainable development, peace and democracy. (Why Is Literacy Important? UNESCO, 2010) * The nonion of basic literacy is used for the initial learning of domain and writing which adults who have never been to school need to go through. The term functional literacy is kept for the level of reading and writing which adults argon thought to need in modern mazy society. Use of the term underlines the idea that although people may have basic levels of literacy, they need a different level to operate in their day-to-day lives. (David Barton, Literacy An trigger to the Ecology of Written lyric poem, 2nd ed. WileyBlackwell, 200 6) * To acquire literacy is more than than to psychologically and mechanically dominate reading and writing techniques.It is to dominate those techniques in terms of consciousness to empathise what one reads and to write what one understands it is to communicate graphically. Acquiring literacy does non involve memorizing sentences, words or syllableslifeless objects unconnected to an existential universebut rather an attitude of creation and re-creation, a self-transformation producing a stance of intervention in ones context. (Paulo Freire, Education for Critical Consciousness. Sheed Ward, 1974) *There is hardly an oral assimilation or a predominantly oral culture left inthe world today that is not somehow awargon of the vast complex of powers forever inaccessible without literacy. (Walter J. Ong, Orality and Literacy The Technologizing of the Word. Methuen, 1982) * We expect the contradictory and the impossible. . . . We expect to be inspired by mediocre appeals for excelle nce, to be made literate by illiterate appeals for literacy. (Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, 1961) * Women and Literacy In the history of women, in that location is probably no matter, apart from contraception, more important than literacy.With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, access to power required knowledge of the world. This could not be gained without reading and writing, skills that were allow to men long earlier they were to women. Deprived of them, women were condemned to stay home with the livestock, or, if they were lucky, with the servants. (Alternatively, they may have been the servants. ) Compared with men, they led mediocre lives. In thinking rough wisdom, it financial aids to read about(predicate) wisdomabout Solomon or Socrates or whomever. Likewise, goodness and happiness and love.To decide whether you have them, or want to make the sacrifices necessary to get them, it is useful to read about them. Without such i ntrospection, women seemed stupid therefore, they were considered unfit for education therefore, they werent given an education therefore they seemed stupid. (Joan Acocella, Turning the Page. Review of The Woman Reader by Belinda Jack Yale University Press, 2012. The New Yorker, October 15, 2012) * From the website of calcium Literacy, Inc. The literacy rate in the US has many an(prenominal) educators in search of answers about this problem that has plagued our country for decades.Instead of decreasing, the tots of literacy has steadily increased over the years. This raises a lot of questions about our education system, how it is ran, and why there is such a problem with illiterate people in our country. (quoted by The New Yorker, Nov. 22, 2010) Pronunciation LIT-er-eh-see Language * Six Common Myths About Language * mention Dates in the History of the English Language * Introduction to Etymology Word Histories Elsewhere on the Web * The issue Institute for Literacy (US) * Th e Literacy Project* National Literacy Trust (UK) Resources for Writers * Reference Works for Writers and Editors * Grammar and Usage Advice Sites * Sites for Correcting Common Sentence Errors Related Articles * orality definition and examples of orality * illiteracy definition and examples of illiteracy * aliteracy definition and examples of aliteracy * Adult Education What Is Adult Education * typography Degree Do I Need a piece of writing Degree Richard Nordquist Grammar organization Guide * trace up for My Newsletter * Headlines * Forum Advertisement.Related Searches achieving gender equality paulo freire education curbing population growth circumstantial consciousness paulo freire personal empowerment search Grammar Composition Must Reads * What Is Grammar? * Euphemisms for Death * Commonly Confused Words * 400 Essay Topics * Introductions to 30 Figures of Speech Most Popular * What Is a Metaphor? * Writing Topics Argument * Top 20 Figures of Speech * 400 Writing To pics * metaphor See More About * english language By Category * Writing Tips * Business Writing * Correcting Errors * English Grammar * Punctuation Mechanics.* Composing Sentences * Words * Composing Paragraphs * Composing Essays * Rhetoric and Style * Exercises and Quizzes * Readings and Resources * Grammar Rhetoric Glossary Grammar Composition 1. About. com 2. Education 3. Grammar Composition 4. Grammar Rhetoric Glossary 5. Icon Lower Case 6. literacy definition and examples of literacy * Advertise on About. com * Our Story * News Events * SiteMap * All Topics * Reprints * Help * Write for About * Careers at About * User Agreement * Ethics Policy * Patent Info. * Privacy Policy * Your Ad Choices 2013 About. com. All rights reserved.The Greatest Literacy Challenges Facing Contemporary High shoal Teachers Implications for Secondary Teacher Preparation Mary B. Campbell Saint Xavier University Margaret M. Kmiecik Saint Xavier University Secondary instructors face operative challenges in their efforts to increase the literacy levels of adolescents. Encouraging instructors to speak out about these challenges and to recommend initiatives that may modify literacy practices for adolescents is vital for future reform efforts. This hold examines the questions What are the greatest literacy challenges facing senior luxuriously school school content area teachers? and What go forth uphold to diminish these challenges? The data collection questionnaire was distributed to teachers in eight in high spirits schools throughout the greater Chicago area. A discussion of the findings suggests compelling directions for secondary teachers and teacher educators. 2 Reading Horizons, 2004, 4, (1) WHILE SEVERAL REFORMS in high education teacher preparation have made a difference in more teachers being highly prepared and qualified (Smylie, Bay, Tozer, 1999), preparing teachers to meet the literacy demands of secondary students relieve remains inadequate.Improving literacy learning in our nations high schools needs serious overhead railway as an educational priority at all levels. The 2002 NAEP (National Association for Educational Progress) Report indicates that 36 per centum of students in grade 12 performed at a proficient level, indicating that only a humble over one-third of our nations high school seniors can understand challenging material (Feller, 2003). This was a decline in performance from 1998 when the NAEP reported the percentage of seniors who performed at the proficient level as 40 percent (U. S. Department of Education, 1999).Additionally the 1998 report states that no more than 6 percent of the adolescents performed at the advanced level which points students ability to analyze and extend the meaning of the materials they read. The NAEP data further show more than one-third of the students did not demonstrate competence at a basic level of literacy. The International Reading Association has taken a substantial leadershi p role in elevating tending to middle school and secondary literacy issues by establishing the Commission on Adolescent Literacy in 1997 (Rycik Irvin, 2001).The work of this Commission resulted in the published document, Adolescent Literacy A placement Statement (Moore, Bean, Birdyshaw, Rycik, 1999), which recommends principles for teachers to consider when supporting the literacy growth of secondary students. Still much more comprehensive work needs to be done as challenges notwithstanding persist and teachers, administrators, and staff developers have asked for more examples of practices that might re novel and revitalize their efforts for middle and high school students (Rycik Irvin, 2001, p.4).Teaching has greatly increased in target and complexity over the last decade. Teachers now find themselves in highly pressured environments (Pincas, 2002). Faced with the reality of overcrowded classrooms, high stakes testing, and amounts-based environments, using instructional pra ctices that move students to higher levels of thinking through more authentic forms of learning are lost.Additional factors Secondary Teaclher Literacy Clhallenges 3that compound the situation are high student mobility, absenteeism, tokenish student engagement, misbehavior, missing homework, cultural and linguistic transmutation, special needs, and increasing numbers of students from poverty and single parent households (Alvermann, Hinchman, Moore, Phelps, Waff, 1998).Regardless of the number or degree of challenges, teachers still remain accountable for fostering literacy growth among all students. Efforts to improve literacy learning for secondary students must take seriously the realities and challenges persistent in todays high schools. renew theorists who suggest improvement can be made through a series of workshops, enhanced engineering, sanctions and the like, (Smylie, Bay, Tozer, 1999, p. 59) are naive at best. A new epitome requires comprehensive and systemic change. It also requires a serious re-orientation towards capacious organizational, political, and economic presuppositions on which definition and acquisition of change must be based. Moreover, it involves a lading to putting teachers at the forefront of the reform process. Valencia and Wixson (2000) argue that it is time for the voices of teachers to be heard.Without empowered professional voices, we lose the potential for constructing serious reform. Emerging Directions If students are to pass high literacy standards, evidence strongly suggests that what teachers know and can do is one of the more important factors influencing student achievement. (Darling-Hammond, 1999, p. 228). Research also makes it clear that if teachers are to pull off the demands of new standards and new students, they must have access to a deeper base of knowledge and expertise than most teacher preparation programs now provide (Darling-Hammond, 1999, p.229). plot of anchor several studies have looked at refor m in teacher preparation programs, Schwartz (1996) concluded that reform changes in teacher preparation have resulted in little more than adjusting on the margins (p. 3). Particularly troubling, in secondary teacher preparation, is the limited attention given to the challenges existing in schools in which future teachers must help students to achieve literacy, and the problems 4 Reading Horizons, 2004, 4, (1) of schooling in a broader social context.Moreover, in many states, secondary teacher preparation programs include a compulsion of a content area reading course, whereas in other states there is no equivalent requirement. This has remained literally unchanged for years, even as secondary students affect to struggle with reading and writing throughout the high school curriculum. The wide-spread standards movement has made some impact in requiring newly certified teachers to demonstrate cleverness on specific literacy knowledge and performance indicators.However, the depth of w hat is needed to teach content area literacy in secondary schools requires more than one course, and/or a few standards. Connecting Two Distinct Communities Education can no longer be seen as an exclusive function, and the traditional structures cannot remain isolated from social change. Faculties in colleges and universities and the practicing teachers in secondary schools have no choice but to adjust to new paradigms. While it is now more habitual to find partnerships and institutional collaborations between university faculty and secondary teachers, many of these need redefinition.In many partnerships, practicing teachers have related there has not been a high level of reciprocity, as the universities are too dominant (Campbell, 2002, p. 22). Each entity must put into the equation improvement strategies that are meaningful to their respective organizations that is, they need to identify areas where they truly need help from one another. Then institutionally and programmatically, they need to find ways to work together to make those intended improvements a reality (Howey Zimpher, 1999, p. 299).High school teachers and teacher educators alike are looking to move beyond only another good idea to realize reconceptualization and transformation for secondary literacy education. This means engaging high school teachers in the process of secondary teacher preparation, determining what factors pose the greatest challenges to literacy development and using this knowledge as a cornerstone for astir(p) Secondary Teaclher Literacy Clhallenges literacy practices in schools. Failure to confront these challenges effectively result undoubtedly compromise the ability of teachers to serve as effective agents of change.PurposeThe purpose of this correction was to identify the problems secondary teachers face that impede literacy learning in the classrooms and to yield development that may inform the preparation of future secondary teachers. Two broad questions emerged to guide this teaching o What are the greatest literacy challenges facing high school content area teachers? e What will help to diminish these challenges for authentic and/or future high school teachers? The Study ParticipatingS chools and Teachers The schools that participated in this study included eight high schools, seven public and one private.The researchers purposely selected the schools to break ethnic miscellany as well as urban and suburban representation. Six of the high schools represented grades 10-12 and two included grades 9-12. The school principals granted permit to graduate students enrolled in a Masters Degree Program in Reading to place the High School Literacy Survey in the school mailboxes of the teachers. A total of 450 questionnaires, including a cover letter and a stamped return envelope, were distributed to 9-12 teachers.Two hunared and two questionnaires were returned, realizing a return rate of 45 percent. There were no recap attempts to obtain a hig her return rate. Most respondents (71 percent) had advanced degrees beyond the B. A. or B. S. among these were 68 percent with a M. A. and 3 percent with a Ph. D. Teachers from 18 different subject area fields responded to the perspective. English (18 percent), mathematics (16 percent), and science (15 percent) teachers comprised the majority of participants. The remaining teachers represented the following subjects art (3 percent), 5.6 ReadingHorizons, 2004, 45, (1) business (4 percent), technology (4 percent), drivers education (1 percent), foreign language (6 percent), history (7 percent), library (1 percent), music (1 percent), physical education (3 percent), reading (1 percent), radio/television (1 percent), social studies (8 percent), special education (3 percent), theological system (3 percent), and vocational education (4 percent). Teachers with more than 10 years of experience accounted for 63 percent of the sample, while 37 percent had 10 years or less.Teachers functio nal in suburban areas surrounding the greater Chicago area comprised the majority (67 percent) of the sample population, with the remaining 33 percent coming from urban schools. Forty-four percent described their schools as predominately diverse ( 50 percent), 32 percent considerably diverse (30-50 percent minority), 17 percent somewhat diverse (10-30 percent minority) and 7 percent primarily white (less than 10 percent minority). The Questionnaire We collected the data from a survey instrument, High School.Literacy Survey, designed and constructed by us. The questionnaire requested two types of information * objective, relating to educational degrees, content field of study, years of teaching experience, diversity of school population * subjective, relating to opinions and values in teaching and learning The subjective portion of the survey was comprised of two broad questions. The first question asked teachers to identify 5 of the 20 factors that posed the greatest challenges in dower their students to attain literacy in their subject field.Respondents wrote the mathematical 1 next to the statement representing their greatest challenge, the numeral 2 next to the statement representing their next greatest challenge, and so forth through the numeral 5. (See Appendix) The cardinal statements, defined as challenges, were derived from the literature on content area reading. An extensive review of the literature Secondary Teaclher Literacy Clhallenges 7 resulted in identifying twenty challenges, however, these may not represent all possible factors and they may not represent factors that teachers would have included if they were to construct the questionnaire.A space was provided for teachers entitled other for their convenience in identifying additional factors that pose as challenges. Since no specific theory was identified to serve as a foundation for the selection of factors, they represent an eclectic representation. Additionally, the factors were not defi ned on the questionnaire, indicating that a singular definition cannot be assumed and that the factors may represent multiple meanings in the field. The second question invited the teachers to respond openly to the question, What do you believe will help to diminish these challenges for current and/or future high school teachers? Findings Percentages were used to report the data on the high school teachers perceptions about the factors that challenge them most in helping their students to achieve literacy in their subject area. Table 1. Percentage Responses of Factors that Represent the Greatest Literacy Challenges Factors Percent 1 2 3 4 5 Total Assessment of student learning 2 1 1 2 2 8 classroom environment 1 2 1 2 6 Classsize 4 4 6 8 5 27 Cultural and language diversity 1 1 2 among students Curriculum 1 2_ 1A _3 7. 8 Reading Horizons, 2004, 45, (1) Factors Percent 1 2 3 4 5 Total aid students to construct.meaning from text Helping students interpret graphics in text Helpin g students to learn and use critical thinking skills Helping students to locate and work information Helping students to understand concepts and vocabulary Homework issues Integrating technology for teaching and learning Selecting materials for teaching and learning Organizing and managing the classroom for learning State/ dominion/school standards for students Struggling readers Student motivation/interest/attitudes 3 6 6 7 7 1 1 3 2 16 8 12 11 12 1 5 5 4 3 8 3 6 11 12 5 8 10 6 7 1 5 2 1 3 1 4 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 9 9 8 8 8.33 17 17 8 7 1 5 5 5 3 19 29 7 59 18 40 36 12 5 8 6 42 82 Students with special needs Secondary Teacher Literacy Chiallenges Factors Percent 1 2 3 4 5 Total Students who lack study skills 11 13 13 13 7 57 Writing skills of students 2 8 5 7 8 30 (A ranking scale, with 1 meaning greatest challenge, 2 next greatest challenge, and so forth) The raising five challenges as reported in Table 1 were * student motivation, interests, and attitudes (33 percent) o helpi ng students to learn and use critical thinking skills (16 percent) o students who lack study skills (11 percent) o struggling readers (9 percent).o helping students to understand concepts and vocabulary (8 percent). The least perceived challenges were cultural and language diversity among students (2 percent) and selecting materials for teaching and learning (5 percent). Examining the data of the largest responding groups of content area teachers, English, mathematics, and science, yielded similar findings. All three of these groups identified the same top two challenges as did the total group. The English, mathematics, and science teachers third, fourth and fifth rankings were * English (3) homework issues (4) students who lack study skills. (5) writing skills of students o Mathematics (3) students who lack study skills 9 iO Reading Horizons, 2004, 45, (1) (4) homework issues (5) helping students to locate and organize information e Science (3) students who lack study skills (4) helping students to understand concepts and vocabulary (5) helping students to construct meaning from text The teachers were also asked to respond to the following openended question, What do you believe will help to diminish these challenges for current and/or future high school teachers? Seventyseven percent of the teachers wrote responses to this question.The resppnses were grouped by similar topics from which themes emerged. Table 2 reports the percentages of the most frequently occurring responses to the open-ended question. Table 2. rootages and Percentages of Responses for Confronting the Greatest Challenges Most Frequent Responses by Theme Percent Better basic skills instruction in elementary schools 64 More parent responsibility and support 58 Mandatory information of critical 39 thinking questions on all assessments Study skills classes for incoming students 33 I Iimprove teacher preparation/more methods for 28 secondary teachers.greater respect and support from society 20 Practical/useful staff development 11 Secondary TeachterLiteracy Challenges 11 Most Frequent Responses by Theme Percent Teacher task forces making policy decisions 9 instead of politicians and administrators Complete restructuring of the current traditional 7 education model A tenderness at each high school for struggling readers The most common responses cited by the majority of teachers to confront the greatest challenges (Table 2) were better basic skills instruction in elementary schools (64 percent) and more parent responsibility and support (58 percent).Sample responses given by less than 50 percent of the teachers were mandatory inclusion of critical thinking questions on all assessments (39 percent), study skills classes for incoming students (33 percent), and improvement of teacher preparation with more methods for secondary teachers (28 percent). Discussion The results of this study provide insight for the continuing efforts to improve the literacy levels of s econdary students. They are, however, neither exclusive nor exhaustive.They are offered with no claim for the universality or total generalizability, but they are offered as a common ground for thinking. Student Motivation andA ttitudes High school teachers identified student motivation to read, write, and do other literacy-related activities as their greatest challenge. The teachers written comments on questionnaires indicated that much of the class-assigned reading is often boring and not relevant to the students own interests and experiences. They also stated that the students who will not read are as much at a disadvantage as those who cannot.Student 12 Reading Horizons, 2004, 45, (1) motivation was ranked the greatest challenge of all for the participating teachers. The dilemma of identifying and implementing strategies to motivate adolescents is not new to literacy practice. The data from this study confirm what the research (Alexander Filler, 1976 Au Asam, 1996 Benware Dec i, 1984 Collins-Block, 1992 Guthrie Alao, 1997 Schraw, Brunning, Svoboda, 1995) has documented over time that student motivation, interests, and attitudes are indeed authentic challenges.Teaching adolescents to become active, motivated, and selfregulated learners is a continuing issue in secondary schools. It is during the adolescent years when reading motivation and attitudes appear to worsen, especially for poor readers (McKenna, Kear, Ellsworth, 1995). Serious attempts to advance literacy skills require interventions that destination motivation and attitudes as much as interventions that assure cognitive changes in the learners (Verhoevan Snow, 2001). This generally does not happen.Motivational constructs are usually not given significant vigilance in relation to student cognition and thinking, and at best, are given only passing and superficial attention. A further problem is that standard reading texts and uniform curricula make life somewhat easier for teachers and admini strators, but they make it very difficult for students to get involved with the material at the level that is right for them, and therefore to find intrinsic rewards in learning. In the classroom, the teacher is the key element in motivating students to learn.The responsibility is great and the ramifications even greater, yet many responding high school teachers stated they were not adequately prepared in their teacher preparation programs with the knowledge, skills, and instructional strategies to ignite the spirit of their students. These teachers indicated they want more ideas, support, and freedom within the school curriculum to take the lead, and more ways to experience first-hand, in-field, motivational issues in their teacher preparation programs. Critical Thinking Skills.Teaching critical thinking skills was the second greatest challenge for teachers. Large numbers of teachers indicated they feel underSecondary Teachter Literacy Clhallenges 13 prepared in pedagogical method s to help studenis conceptualize problems and solutions. Assisting adolescents to become proficient with these skills is a prodigious challenge for secondary teachers. The capacity for abstraction, for discovering patterns and meanings, generalizing, evaluating, and theorizing is the very essence of critical thinking and exploration.For most students in the United States and throughout the world, formal education entails just the opposite kind of learning. Rather than construct meaning for themselves, meanings are imposed upon them. Frequently, students often accumulate a large number of facts along the way, yet these facts are not central to their education they will live their adult lives in a world in which most facts learned years before (even including some historical ones) will have changed or have been reinterpreted.Whatever data they need will be available to them at the touch of a computer key. If students are to learn critical thinking skills, teachers must teach them and engage their students in genuine problem solving discussion. Generally these skills are best, and potential only taught and assessed, through extended discourse. This is difficult to do in crowded classes where it is near to impossible to carry out extended discussions. The commitment to teaching these skills in all content areas means gaining support from the public.It also means that teachers must gain the knowledge and skills to do so through teacher preparation programs and inservice education, pickings into account the real-life situations and parameters in todays classrooms. Study Skills Students who lack study skills ranked as the third greatest challenge to teachers. The importance of study skills has been documented over time in the professional literature (Flood Lapp, 1995). What is known is that many people of all ages have difficulty reading and learning, largely because they are not using earmark techniques or good learning habits.Often, the adolescents who are droppi ng out of schools are doing so because they believe they carnot learn. For the majority of these students, they lack suitable reading and study techniques, which 14 Reading Horizons, 2004, 45(1) impede their growth in learning and contribute to their negative beliefs about themselves and school. Although most secondary teachers have a thorough understanding qf their subject, many responding teachers in this study indicated they lack the knowledge of instructional/study strategies by which to help students internalize the concepts.Research shows that with an organized system of study, students can increase their comprehension of subject matter up to 50 percent (Annis, 1983). As nations seek to dish up adolescents in gaining higher levels of literacy, the knowledge and skills that teachers need to teach their students effective study habits and strategies may likely become central to the curriculum in secondary teacher preparation programs and in the curriculum of secondary schools. Struggling Readers Struggling readers ranked as the fourth greatest challenge to the high school teachers.Teachers responded that these students can be found hiding out in content classrooms. They frequently are passive and disengaged. , Many have found coping strategies to help (them get by, but they do not significantly improve their literacy skills or their knowledge in the content areas. I Although comprehension of text material is difficult and sometimes impossible for struggling readers, there are research-based strategies that have proven to be victorious when used with struggling readers.One such strategy is instructional scaffolding, an effective strategy that gives students a better chance to be successful than if left on their own (Vacca, 2002). Pedagogy, which includes instructional techniques for diverse learners, is glossed over in many teacher preparation programs for secondary teachers. However, it is as important in the preparation of high school teachers as is cog nitive knowledge (Darling-Hammond, 2000). If high school teachers are to make substantial contributions to all adolescents, it will require more knowledge of relevant instructional methodologies.Darling-Hammond (2000) found that teacher subject-matter knowledge was related to student achievement only up to a certain point. Secondary Teacher Literacy Challenges 15 Marzano (2003) asserts that the importance of the kindred between pedagogical knowledge and student achievement has been consistently reported in the research literature. Furthermore, in a study conducted by Ferguson and Womack (1993), they found that the number of courses teachers took in instructional techniques accounted for four times the variance in teacher performance and student achievement than did subject-matter knowledge.Teachers stated that more information about how to assist the struggling readers in their classrooms is sorely needed in preservice teacher education programs. Additionally they need to know that the strategies and support to assist these learners are realistic for todays classrooms. Key Concepts and Vocabulary Helping students to understand concepts and vocabulary ranked as the fifth greatest challenge. Every subject area has its own vocabulary and modes of argument, and its language is the common denominator for learning subject matter knowledge.Vacca and Vacca (2002) agree they state, Vocabulary must be taught well enough to remove potential barriers to students understanding of texts as well as to promote a longterm acquisition of the language of a content area (p. 160-161). Teachers want more knowledge about ways to teach vocabulary and concepts to adolescents, strategies that will provide adolescents with a deeper and richer entry into the content area of study, and strategies that will work in the classrooms of today.Intriguing Findings It is a noteworthy finding that the cultural and language diversity among students in the classrooms was not identified among the gr eatest challenges. The majority of teachers in this study were from diverse schools, and yet only two percent ranked this to be a challenge. Equally notable was the fact that state, district, and school standards, writing skills, and integrating technology were not identified among the greatest challenges. 16 Reading Horizons, 2004, 45, (1).Of all the findings, the most revelation was that provided by the drivers education teachers whereas every other content-area group of teachers, albeit art, music, business, foreign language, etc. , ranked student motivation as the greatest challenge, they did not. This is not surprising as it supports the findings of this study as well as long standing research in the field, as cited in Marzano, 2003. The hypothesis being that when motivated, students strive to learn.